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      实现定时任务的多种方式
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        <a href="/2015/11/07/crontab调用python脚本的注意事项/" class="archive-article-date">
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        <h2 id="概览"><a href="#概览" class="headerlink" title="概览"></a>概览</h2><ul>
<li>crontab</li>
<li>celery</li>
</ul>
<a id="more"></a>
<h3 id="crontab"><a href="#crontab" class="headerlink" title="crontab"></a>crontab</h3><ul>
<li>查看： <code>crontab -l</code></li>
<li>编辑： <code>crontab -e</code></li>
<li>重启服务： <code>service crond restart</code></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="语法格式"><a href="#语法格式" class="headerlink" title="语法格式"></a>语法格式</h3><p>格式如下:</p>
<p><code>f1 f2 f3 f4 f5 program</code></p>
<p>其中 f1 是表示分钟，f2 表示小时，f3 表示一个月份中的第几日，f4 表示月份，f5 表示一个星期中的第几天。值的范围分别对应0－59，0－23，1－31，1－12，0－7（0和7都代表星期天）。program 表示要执行的程式。</p>
<ul>
<li>当 f1 为 a-b 时表示从第 a 分钟到第 b 分钟这段时间内要执行，f2 为 a-b 时表示从第 a 到第 b 小时都要执行，其余类推</li>
<li>当 f1 为 */n 时表示每 n 分钟执行一次，f2 为 */n 表示每 n 小时执行一次，其余类推</li>
<li>当 f1 为 a, b, c,… 时表示第 a, b, c,… 分钟要执行，f2 为 a, b, c,… 时表示第 a, b, c…个小时要执行，其余类推</li>
<li>任何一个字段中的一个星号都是一个通配符。如果第一个字段含有一个星号，那个作业每分钟运行一次，以此类推，第二个字段含有通配符那就是每小时执行一次</li>
</ul>
<p>每周六早上10点重启应用。<br><code>0 10 * * 6 sh /home/alexzhou/bin/restart_tuli.sh</code></p>
<p>每周二和每月的初一，十五的早上2点钟，更新solr索引。<br><code>0 2 1,15 * 2 python /home/alexzhou/update_index.py</code></p>
<h3 id="调用-python-脚本时注意实现"><a href="#调用-python-脚本时注意实现" class="headerlink" title="调用 python 脚本时注意实现"></a>调用 python 脚本时注意实现</h3><ol>
<li><p>如果程序是从 <code>if __name__ == &quot;__main__&quot;:</code> 开始执行的话，在shell中可以运行执行，但在 crontab 中不能执行，所以脚本要调用的函数不能在 <code>if __name__ == &quot;__main__&quot;:</code> 中</p>
 <figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">run</span><span class="params">()</span>:</span></div><div class="line">       <span class="keyword">print</span> <span class="string">"run"</span></div><div class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span> __name__ == <span class="string">"__main__"</span>:</div><div class="line">     run（）</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p> 上面的脚本不会在crontab中运行， 需要改成如下方式：</p>
 <figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">run</span><span class="params">()</span>:</span></div><div class="line">    <span class="keyword">print</span> <span class="string">"run"</span></div><div class="line">run()</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>当前目录的问题，配置文件等要使用绝对路径</p>
 <figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">logging.config.fileConfig(<span class="string">"log.conf"</span>)</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ol>
<pre><code>由于 crontab 执行时，脚本的当前目录已经改变，此时 log.conf 会找不到，会造成程序错误退出。
要修改为如下方式：  

<figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">logging.config.fileConfig(<span class="string">"/home/terry/python/web/log.conf"</span>)</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</code></pre>
      

      
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  	  		<div class="aboutme-wrap" id="js-aboutme">他真诚地将自己的挑剔,&lt;br /&gt;误认为是对美的不懈追求，&lt;br /&gt;把自己的孤僻,&lt;br /&gt;误认为是不食人间烟火，&lt;br /&gt;把自己的散漫,&lt;br /&gt;误认为是对于自由的热爱。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;他的思想因为追求风雅而变得庸俗起来，&lt;br /&gt;他的行为因为小心翼翼而变得放纵不羁。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;他有很强的责任感，&lt;br /&gt;却也因此害怕做出承诺。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;他批判世上的所有东西，&lt;br /&gt;包括他自己。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;当别人指出他的自相矛盾后，&lt;br /&gt;他无法自圆其说，&lt;br /&gt;于是只好沉默。&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;他是个不可理喻的人。</div>
  	  	
    	</section>
    
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